Sealing devices and surgical implements comprising same

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are sealing devices configured for improving sealing functionality with an engaged extension member of an apparatus. More specifically, disclosed herein are trocar sealing devices configured for improving insufflation gas containment in relation to trocars (and/or other related type of devices) that are used for enabling a surgical instrument such, for example, a laparoscope, to gain access to an abdominal cavity (or other body cavity). By providing for such improved insufflation gas containment, sealing devices as disclosed herein are particularly advantageous, desirable and useful in view of long-standing reasons for limiting insufflation gas leakage and in view of newly recognized reasons stemming from outbreak of COVID-19 disease for limiting insufflation gas leakage.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The disclosures made herein relate generally to sealing devices and,more particularly, to sealing devices for use with apparatuses such as,for example, surgical instruments used during manual and roboticsurgical procedures that have an extension portion that is engaged witha sealing device.

BACKGROUND

Surgical procedures utilizing in vivo visualization of target surgicalsites are well known as a form of a concealed operation site. Examplesof these surgeries include, but are not limited to, endoscopic surgery,laparoscopic surgery, thoracoscopic surgery and the like. These surgicalprocedures all utilize a surgical instrument having an integratedvisualization device for providing in vivo visualization of a targetsurgical site within a surgical space of the patient. Although it iscommon for the surgical instrument to be referred to in the context ofthe specific type of surgical procedure (e.g., endoscope for endoscopicsurgery, laparoscope for laparoscopic surgery, and the like), thesesurgical instruments are generally referred to herein as an “endoscope”.

As shown in FIG. 1 , an endoscope 1 used in these surgical procedures ischaracterized as having a user interface portion 5 and an extensionmember 10 connected at its proximate end 15 to the user interfaceportion 5. Scopes for endoscopic surgery generally have an extensionmember that is substantially flexible, whereas scopes for other types ofsurgical procedures—e.g., for laparoscopic surgery, as shown in FIG. 1—generally have an extension member 10 that is substantially rigid. Theextension member 10 has an imaging element 20 such as a lens at itsdistal end portion 25. The imaging element 20 can have an exposedsurface that is typically generally flush with or that defines an endface of the extension member 10. The imaging element 20 is connected toan optical fiber or other image transmitting element that is internal tothe endoscope. The optical fiber or other image transmitting elementextends along the length of the extension member 10 and terminates at aneyepiece 30 on the user interface portion 5. The eyepiece 30 enables theimaging element 30 to be connected to a visualization device (e.g., acamera connected to a visual display console) through which targetsurgical sites can be viewed by surgery personnel.

As shown in FIG. 2 , during a surgical procedure, the endoscope 1 (i.e.,a surgical instrument) is operably engaged with a trocar 50 (i.e., anexample of a surgical implement). As is well known in the art, trocarssuch as the trocar 50 serve as an access device for placing a surgicalinstrument through an abdominal wall 52 of a patient. The trocar 50 hasa seal housing 54 and a cannula 56 attached to the seal housing 54. Acentral passage 57 of the trocar 50 (i.e., the working channel) extendsthrough the seal housing 54 and the cannula 56, thereby defining aworking channel extending through the trocar 50 along a longitudinalaxis L of the trocar 50. The central passage 57 has an inside diametersized as a function of an outside diameter of an extension member of asurgical instrument intended to be used with the trocar 50 (e.g.,extension member 10 of the endoscope 1). The cannula 56 is adapted forbeing placed through the abdominal wall 52 of the patient. Once thetrocar 50 is placed, the extension member of the endoscope 1 (or othertype of surgical instrument) is placed through the working channel ofthe trocar 50 for enabling abdominal cavity access for a distal end ofthe endoscope 1. The seal housing 54 includes one or more seals forproviding the functionalities of limiting leakage of insufflation gaswhen the surgical instrument is within the working channel of the trocar50 and, limiting leakage of insufflation gas when the surgicalinstrument is withdrawn from within the working channel of the trocar50. Conventional seals integral to trocars are well known in the art.

It is also well known in the art that a surgical instrument such as, forexample, the endoscope 1 is moved in a plurality of movement directionsduring a surgical procedure while engaged with a trocar. For example, asshown in FIG. 2 , the endoscope 1 is well known to be moved in an axialdirection along a longitudinal axis L of the trocar 50 (i.e., axialmovement), to be moved in a pivotal manner about one or more pivot axesextending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L of the trocar 50(i.e., pivotal movement) and to be moved rotationally about thelongitudinal axis L of the trocar 50 (i.e., rotational movement).Additionally, the longitudinal axis of the endoscope 1 can be laterallyoffset of the longitudinal axis L of the trocar 50 (i.e., not colinearaxes). The one or more seals of the trocar 50 are intended to providesufficient mitigation of insufflation gas leakage during such types ofmovement of the surgical instrument. Conventional trocars are known toexhibit insufflation gas leakage during both static positioning anddynamic movement of a surgical instrument engaged with a trocar.

Limiting insufflation gas leakage at the interface of a trocar andsurgical instrument is desirable for several long-standing reasons. Onesuch long-standing reason is maintaining necessary insufflation of apatient's abdominal cavity. Another such long-standing reason isreducing cost of insufflation gas utilized during a surgical procedure.Still another such long-standing reason is reducing gas-carriedparticles from compromising sealing functionality provided by the one ormore seals of the trocar.

Notably, the recent emergence of coronavirus disease COVID-19 presents anew and potentially crucial reason for limiting insufflation gas leakageat the interface of a trocar and surgical instrument. Prior to itsleakage, insufflation gas resides within the abdominal cavity. As such,for a patient who is positive for COVID-19, the insufflation gas maybecome contaminated from exposure to particulate matter (e.g., solid,liquid and/or gaseous materials) within the patient's abdominal cavity.Accordingly, the potential exists for leaked insufflation gas to exposemedical personnel within an operating room to coronavirus and tocontaminate the operating room with coronavirus. For apparent reasons,both of these potential situations are highly undesirable. Thus,particularly in view of the emergence of COVID-19, it is desirable tofurther limit, if not inhibit, the levels of insufflation gas leakagepresent at the interface of a trocar and surgical instrument during asurgical procedure when a conventional trocar is used for providingabdominal cavity access.

Therefore, an effective, efficient and reliable approach for improvinginsufflation gas containment within a trocar would be advantageous,desirable and useful.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to improvinginsufflation gas containment during a surgical procedure when a trocaris used for providing abdominal cavity access. More specifically,embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to improvinginsufflation gas containment in relation to trocars (and/or otherrelated type of devices) that are used for enabling a surgicalinstrument such, for example, a laparoscope, to gain access to anabdominal cavity (or other body cavity). By providing for such improvedinsufflation gas containment, embodiments of the present disclosure areadvantageous, desirable and useful in view of long-standing reasons forlimiting insufflation gas leakage and in view of newly recognizedreasons stemming from outbreak of COVID-19 disease for limitinginsufflation gas leakage.

In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a sealing devicefor a trocar configured for use with a surgical instrument comprises anextension member seal and a securement body attached to the extensionmember seal. The extension member seal has a central passage with adiameter enabling an extension member of the surgical instrument to besealingly engaged therewith. The securement body includes an elongatedskirt in a rolled configuration and wherein the elongated skirt isadapted for being unrolled into secure engagement with one or more sidesurfaces of a seal housing of the trocar.

In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a sealing devicefor a trocar configured for use with a surgical instrument comprises anextension member seal and a securement body attached to the extensionmember seal. The extension member seal comprises a sealing member, acompressive force material and a retention body. The opposing endportions of the sealing member are each retained by a respective one ofspaced-apart sealing member retention portions of the retention bodywhereby an interior space is provided between the sealing member and theretention body and wherein the compressive force material extends aroundthe sealing member in contact therewith within the interior space. Thesecurement body includes one or more engagement portions adapted forbeing selectively engageable with a seal housing of the trocar.

In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a trocar comprisesa trocar body and extension member seal mounted within the centralpassage of the seal housing. The trocar body comprising a seal housingand a cannula attached to the seal housing, wherein a longitudinal axisof a central passage of the seal housing is colinearly with alongitudinal axis of a central passage of the cannula. The extensionmember seal comprises a sealing member, a compressive force member and aretention body. The opposing end portions of the sealing member are eachretained by a respective one of the spaced-apart sealing memberretention portions of the retention body whereby an interior space isprovided between the sealing member and the retention body. Thecompressive force member extends around the sealing member in contacttherewith within the interior space.

In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method ofreducing insufflation gas leakage from a trocar comprising a pluralityof steps. A step is performed for providing a trocar comprising a sealhousing and a cannula attached to the seal housing. The trocar has aworking channel jointly defined by a central passage of the seal housingand a central passage of the cannula. A longitudinal axis of the centralpassage of the seal housing extends colinearly with a longitudinal axisof the central passage of the cannula thereby jointly defining alongitudinal axis of the working channel. A step is performed forproviding a sealing device comprising an extension member seal and asecurement body attached to the extension member seal. One or more sealhousing engagement portions of the securement body are selectivelyengageable with the seal housing. A step is performed for contacting thesealing device with a top surface of the seal housing. Thereafter or inconjunction with contacting the sealing device with a top surface of theseal housing, a step is performed for engaging said one or more sealhousing engagement portions of the securement body with the sealhousing.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe elongated skirt to extend entirely around the extension member sealand the elongated skirt to be concentric with the central passage of theextension member seal.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe elongated skirt to be a sleeve and the sleeve is attached at an endportion thereof to the extension member seal.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe elongated skirt being adapted for being unrolled including theelongated skirt being made from a conformable, elastic material.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe elongated skirt, the sealing member, or both to be made from one ofa material comprising silicone and a material consisting essentially ofsilicone.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure fora support body to be attached to the extension member seal, for thesupport body to include a central passage through which the centralpassage of the extension member seal is accessible, for the support bodyto be attached to an upper portion of the extension member seal and forthe elongated skirt to be positioned adjacent to a lower portion of theextension member seal.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe compressive force member to be a ring-shaped member.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe ring-shaped member to be a helically-wound spring having at leastone of opposing end portions thereof overlapping and opposing endportions thereof attached thereto.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe ring-shaped member to be an O-ring.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe sealing member to be a sleeve having opposing end portions thereofengaged with the spaced-apart sealing member retention portions of theretention body.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forengagement of the compressive force member with the sealing member tocause the compressive force member to be in a radially-expanded statesuch that a compressive force is exerted on the sealing member by thecompressive force member.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe compressive force material to be engaged with the sealing membersuch that the compressive force material is a radially-expanded state tocause a compressive force is exerted on the sealing member by thecompressive force material.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe compressive force material to comprise one of a ring-shaped piece ofmaterial and a c-shaped piece of material.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe compressive force material to comprise a helically-wound springhaving at least one of opposing end portions thereof overlapping andopposing end portions thereof attached thereto.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe compressive force material to comprise a fluidic material.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe fluidic material to at least partially fill the interior spacebetween the sealing member and the retention body.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure fora method to include the step of aligning a longitudinal axis of acentral passage of the extension member seal with the longitudinal axisof the working channel prior to or in conjunction with contacting thesealing member with the sealing housing.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe step of aligning the longitudinal axis of the central passage of theextension member seal with the longitudinal axis of the working channelin conjunction with contacting the sealing device with the top surfaceof the seal housing to includes inserting a distal end portion of anextension member through the central passage of the extension memberseal inserting the distal end portion of the extension member into theworking channel.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure fora method to include the step of aligning the longitudinal axis of thecentral passage of the extension member seal with the longitudinal axisof the working channel prior to performing contacting the sealing memberwith the seal housing.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure fora method to include the steps of placing the cannula through anabdominal wall of a patient prior to contacting the sealing member withthe seal housing, inserting a distal end portion of an extension memberof a laparoscope through the central passage of the extension memberseal after placing the trocar and prior to engaging tone or more sealhousing engagement portions of the securement body with the sealhousing, and inserting the distal end portion of the extension memberinto the working channel after placing the trocar and prior to engagingthe one or more seal housing engagement portions of the securement bodywith the seal housing.

It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure forthe one or more seal housing engagement portions of the securement bodyto comprise an elongated skirt in a rolled configuration, for theelongated skirt to be adapted for being unrolled into secure engagementwith one or more side surfaces of the seal housing and for engaging theone or more seal housing engagement portions of the securement body withthe seal housing to comprise unrolling the elongated skirt.

These and other objects, embodiments, advantages and/or distinctions ofthe present disclosure will become readily apparent upon further reviewof the following specification, associated drawings and appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a prior art endoscope;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view showing a prior art trocar with the priorart endoscope of FIG. 1 engaged therewith;

FIG. 3A is top perspective view showing a first embodiment of a trocarsealing device in accordance with the disclosures made herein;

FIG. 3B is bottom perspective view of the trocar sealing device shown inFIG. 3A;

FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3C-3C in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 3D is a diagrammatic view showing the prior art trocar of FIG. 2with the trocar sealing device of FIGS. 3A-3C installed thereon;

FIG. 4A is top perspective view showing a second embodiment of a trocarsealing device in accordance with the disclosures made herein;

FIG. 4B is bottom perspective view of the trocar sealing device shown inFIG. 4A;

FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4C-4C in FIG. 4A;and

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a trocar inaccordance with the disclosures made herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIGS. 3A-3D, a first embodiment of a trocar sealing device(sealing device 100) in accordance with the disclosures made herein isshown. The sealing device 100 includes a support body 102, an extensionmember seal 104 and a securement body 106. Jointly, as shown in FIG. 3Dand discussed below in greater detail, the support body 102, theextension member seal 104 and the securement body 106 enable the sealingdevice 100 to be mounted on a seal housing of a trocar (e.g., the sealhousing 54 of the trocar 50 of FIG. 2 ). Advantageously, the sealingdevice 100 has a structural configuration allowing it to be mounted onthe a trocar and to impart the trocar with supplemental sealingfunctionality that serves to improve insufflation gas containment whenan extension member of a surgical instrument (e.g., the endoscope 1discussed above in reference to FIG. 1 ) is movably engaged with thetrocar during a surgical procedure.

The support body 102 is engaged with an upper end portion 108 of theextension member seal 104. As shown in FIG. 3C, the extension memberseal 104 has a groove 110 (i.e., an engagement feature) that is engagedwith a flange member 111 (i.e., a mating engagement feature) of theextension member seal 104. The support body 102 has a central passage112 through which a central passage 114 of the extension member seal 104is accessibly. The support body 102 provides a rigid or semi-rigidstructural element to engage (e.g., grasp by fingers or a hand) duringinstallation of the sealing device 100 on a trocar. The support body 102is preferably round but can have an overall shape other than round andcan include contoured portions for enhancing finger engagement. Thesupport body 102 can be made from a rigid or semi-rigid material (e.g.,a polymeric material such as a thermoplastic or thermosetting material).Alternatively, the support body 102 can be made from a materialexhibiting elasticity, but where a shape and/or bulk of the support body102 provides the support body 102 with a rigid or semi-rigidconfiguration. The extension member seal 104 can be made from aresilient material—e.g., a latex material, an elastomeric material, asynthetic rubber material, or the like. In preferred embodiments, theextension member seal 104 can be made from a material comprising orconsisting essentially of silicone.

The central passage 114 of the extension member seal 104 is round (orapproximately round) and has an inside diameter that can be specified asa function of an outside diameter of an extension member of surgicalinstruments intended to be used with a trocar on which the sealingdevice 100 is mounted. For example, if the trocar is designed for usewith surgical instruments having has an extension member with a 5 mmoutside diameter, the central passage 114 of the extension member seal104 can be dimensioned as a function of the 5 mm outside diameter of theextension member. More specifically, the central passage 114 of theextension member seal 104 can have an inside diameter that is 0.X mmsmaller than the outside diameter of the extension member, Y % smallerthan the outside diameter of the extension member, or the like. Theunderlying objective of dimensional specification of the inside diameterof the central passage 114 of the extension member seal 104 is to formsecure engagement of the material of the extension member seal 104defining the central passage 114 around the extension member of thesurgical instrument, particularly during the various modes of movementof the surgical instrument relative to the trocar—i.e., lateral. axial,pivotal and rotational movements.

The securement body 106 can be attached directly to the extension memberseal 104, as shown. Alternatively, the securement body 106 can beattached to the support body 102 or to both the support body 102 and theextension member seal 104. It is disclosed herein that such attachmentof the securement body 106 can be provided by one or more knownattachment techniques—e.g., adhesive, thermal bonding, mechanicalfixation, or the like. In one or more embodiments of the disclosuresmade herein, the support body 102 can be omitted.

As best shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, the securement body 106 comprises anelongated skirt 116 (i.e., a trocar engaging member) that is provided ina rolled configuration and that can be unrolled onto the seal housing ofa trocar (e.g., the seal housing 54 of the trocar 1 shown in FIG. 2 ).The elongated skirt 116 extends around the extension member seal 104 andis concentric with the central passage 114 of the extension member seal104. The elongated skirt 116 preferably has a wall thickness and is madefrom a material having resilient and elastomeric properties enabling theelongated skirt 116 to be provided in a rolled configuration and to beunrolled into secure engagement with the seal housing of a trocar. Inaddition to enabling the elongated skirt 116 to be rolled and unrolled,the resilient and elastomeric properties of the material from which theelongated skirt 116 is made enables the elongated skirt 116 to exertcompressive force on the seal housing of the trocar when unrolled ontoit for securing the sealing device 100 in a generally fixed position onthe seal housing. When the seal housing of the trocar has a non-uniformshape and/or has protrusions extending therefrom, the resilient andelastomeric properties of the material from which the elongated skirt116 also enables the elongated skirt 116 to stretch over (i.e., besufficiently elastic) and/or conform to such non-uniform shape and/orprotrusions (i.e., be sufficiently conformable). Examples of materialsexhibiting sufficient conformability and elasticity include, but are notlimited to, a latex material, an elastomeric material, a syntheticrubber material, or the like. In preferred embodiments, at least theelongated skirt 116 of the securement body 106 can be made from amaterial comprising or consisting essentially of silicone and can be inthe form of a thin-walled piece of elastic and/or conformable sleeve(e.g., a piece of tubing).

Referring to FIG. 3D, engagement of the sealing device 100 onto the sealhousing of a trocar (e.g., the seal housing 54 of the trocar 50 of FIG.2 , as shown) preferably includes the central passage 114 of theextension member seal 104 to be axially aligned (e.g., precisely alignedas opposed to generally aligned) with the central passage of the trocar(e.g., the central passage 57 of the trocar 50, as shown). Suchalignment serves to cause the extension member seal 104 to exertsubstantially uniform force onto the extension member of a surgicalinstrument engaged within the central passage of the trocar, therebyaiding in providing the desired secure engagement of the material of theextension member seal 104 defining the central passage 114 around theextension member of the surgical instrument, particularly during theaforementioned various modes of movement of the surgical instrumentrelative to the trocar.

The elongated skirt 116 of the securement body 106 is a one example of atrocar engaging element of sealing devices in accordance with thedisclosures made herein. In other embodiments of one or more othersealing devices in accordance with the disclosures made herein, trocarengaging elements can have different constructions. Examples of suchother constructions can include, but are not limited to, one or moreengagement members (e.g., legs, protruding tabs, circumferential ring,etc.) that extend from the support body and/or extension member sealinto engagement with one or more passages extending through an exteriorsurface of the seal housing (i.e., mating feature(s) in the form of oneor more seal housing engagement portions), one or more engagementmembers (e.g., legs, protruding tabs, circumferential ring, etc.) thatextend from the support body and/or extension member seal intoengagement with one or more recess(es) within the exterior surface ofthe seal housing (i.e., mating feature(s) in the form of one or moreseal housing engagement portions), one or more engagement members (e.g.,legs, protruding tabs, circumferential ring, etc.) that extend from thesupport body and/or extension member seal into mechanical, adhesiveand/or frictional engagement with one or more exterior surfaces of theseal housing (i.e., mating feature(s) in the form of one or more sealhousing engagement portions), or the like.

FIGS. 4A-4C show a second embodiment of a trocar sealing device (sealingdevice 200) in accordance with the disclosures made herein. The sealingdevice 200 has an overall construction and functionality similar to thatthe sealing device 100 discussed above in reference to FIGS. 3A-3D. Thedifferentiating aspects of the sealing device 200 of FIGS. 4A-4C withrespect to the sealing device 100 of FIGS. 3A-3D will now be discussedwithout specific discussion of the similarity in the overallconstruction and functionality to that of the sealing device 100discussed above in reference to FIGS. 3A-3D.

The sealing device 200 includes a support body 202, an extension memberseal 204 and a securement body 206. The support body 202 can be attachedto the extension member seal 204 and/or the securement body 206. Thesecurement body 206 can be attached to the support body 202 and/or theextension member seal 204. In the same or similar manner as discussedabove in reference to the sealing device 100 of FIGS. 3A-3D, thesecurement body 206 enables the sealing device 200 to be engaged with aseal housing of a trocar (e.g., the seal housing 54 of the trocar 50 ofFIG. 2 ). For example, the securement body 206 can include an elongatedskirt 216 or other form of trocar engaging element for enabling thesealing device 200 to be attached to a trocar.

The extension member seal 204, which can be used as a sealing device instandalone apparatuses and implements, comprises a sealing member 232, acompressive force member 234, an interior sealing member retainer 236,an upper exterior sealing member retainer 238 and a lower exteriorsealing member retainer 239. The interior sealing member retainer 236and the exterior sealing member retainers 238, 239 jointly form aretention body 242 having opposing retention structures that each retainone of the opposing end portions 232A, 232B of the sealing member 232.Engagement of the opposing end portions 232A, 232B of the sealing member232 with the retention body 242 provides an interior space 244 betweenthe sealing member 232 and the retention body 242. As shown, in one ormore embodiments, the exterior sealing member retainers 238, 239 eachinclude an annular shoulder 238A, 239A with a retention member 238B,239B. The retention members 238B, 239B each engage a mating retentionrecess 236A of the interior sealing member retainer 236. The opposingend portions 232A, 232B of the sealing member 232 are each retainedwithin a respective retention slot 240 formed between adjacent portionsof the interior sealing member retainer 236 and the exterior sealingmember retainers 238, 239. In this manner, each slot 240 serves as aspaced-apart sealing member retention portions of the retention body242.

The compressive force member 234 is located within the interior space244 between the sealing member 232 and the retention body 242 andextends partially (e.g., 350-degrees), exactly (e.g., 360-degrees), ormore than fully (e.g., 380-degrees) around a central passage 214 of thesealing member 232 (i.e., around a longitudinal centerline referenceaxis of the central passage 214). For example, the compressive forcemember 234 can be a ring-shaped member. Examples of the ring-shapedmember include, but are not limited to, a helically-round spring withattached and/or overlapping end portions, a polymeric O-ring, anelastomeric O-ring, a synthetic rubber O-ring, a rubber band, a c-spring(e.g., opposing ends spaced part) and the like. Additionally, it isdisclosed herein that the interior space 244 between the sealing member232 and the retention body 242 can be a fluidic material (e.g., aflowable material such as liquid, gaseous, gelatinous, etc). It isdisclosed herein that the aforementioned compressive force members andthe aforementioned flowable material provide common functionality (i.e.,exertion of compressive force on the sealing member 232) and are bothexamples of a compressive force material in accordance with thedisclosure made herein.

The sealing member 232 is positioned within a central passage of thecompressive force member 234 prior to the opposing end portions 232A,232B of the sealing member 232 being engaged with the retention body242. It is disclosed herein that, in one or more embodiments, aring-shaped member can be a unitary component of the sealing member(i.e., extruded or molded therein). The distance between the opposingend portions 232A, 232B of the sealing member 232 with the respectiveslot of the retention body 242 is such that the sealing member 232 ispulled at least tautly (or alternatively tightly) against thecompressive force member 234. In this manner, the compressive forcemember 234 exerts a radial inward force on the sealing member 232 (i.e.,the sealing member 232 maintains the compressive force member 234 is ina radially-expanded state from a static state, at rest state such that acompressive force is exerted on the sealing member 232 by thecompressive force member 234).

The central passage 214 of the sealing member 232 is round (orapproximately round) and has an inside diameter sized as a function ofan outside diameter of an extension member of surgical instrumentsintended to be used with a trocar on which the sealing device 100 ismounted. As can be seen in FIG. 4C, engagement of the sealing memberwith the retention body (i.e., a free length of the sealing member 232between the slots 240 of the retention body 242), engagement of thecompressive force member 234 with the sealing body 232 and a thicknessof the sealing member 232 jointly define a diameter of the centralpassage 214 of the extension member seal 204. As similarly discussedabove in reference to FIGS. 3A-3D, the underlying objective ofdimensional specification of the inside diameter of the central passage212 of the sealing member 232 is to form secure engagement of thematerial of the sealing member 232 defining the central passage 212around the extension member of the surgical instrument (i.e., beingsealingly engaged) during the various modes of movement of the surgicalinstrument relative to the trocar—i.e., axial, pivotal and rotationalmovements. To this end, the sealing member 232 can be a sleeve (e.g., athin-walled piece of flexible and/or conformable tubing (i.e., a tubularbody)) made from a resilient material. For example, the sealing member232 can be made from a material comprising or consisting essentially ofan elastomer or synthetic rubber (e.g., a material comprising orconsisting essentially of silicone).

As shown in FIG. 4C, the sealing member 232 has a centrally taperedshape (e.g., an hourglass shape). In combination with the compressiveforce member 234, this shape contributes to the sealing member 232 beingable to expand around a variety of diameters while maintaining itsstability and contributing minimal friction to the insertion of anelongated portion of a device (e.g., a surgical instrument). A medialportion of the sealing member 232 contributes an inwardly compressiveradial force on an inserted elongation portion of a device and theopposing end portions 232A, 232B of the sealing member contribute anoutward compressive force to the retention body 242 with which thesealing member is engaged. Additionally, open space around the medialportion of the sealing member 232 allows for a greater freedom ofexpansion and device tracking without imparting unacceptable insertiondrag on the elongated portion of the device.

Advantageously, the extension member seal 204 provides for improvedsealing of an extension member of an apparatus (e.g., a surgicalinstrument such as a laparoscope or other type of apparatus having anextension member). In particular, the extension member seal 204 providesfor improved sealing of the extension member of apparatus that exhibitsvarious modes of movement of the apparatus relative to a structure uponwhich the extension member seal 204 is mounted—i.e., lateral, axial,pivotal and rotational movements. Such sealing by the extension memberseal 204 of an extension member of an apparatus that exhibits variousmodes of movement is referred to herein as multi-axis dynamic sealing.More specifically, multi-axis dynamic sealing refers to the constructionand interaction of the sealing unit (e.g., a sealing member and acompressive force member thereof) providing a sealing interface that iscapable of movement and/or conforming along a plurality of axes. It isdisclosed herein that that such multi-axis dynamic sealing is notunnecessarily limited to being provided by any particular structure. Forexample, in addition to or alternatively to, multi-axis dynamic sealingcan be provided through geometric of a single piece of material—e.g., a3-dimensional structure such as an elastomeric sealing body havingconcentric wavy (e.g., sinusoidal waves in a cross-sectional view) ringsextending around a central passage. The wavy rings provide available3-dimensional material that enables movement of the central passage(e.g., lateral displacement) without causing stress/strain in thesealing body material resulting in unacceptable deformation of thecentral passage.

In one or more embodiments, the above-discussed axial alignment of acentral passage of an extension member seal in accordance with thedisclosure made herein (e.g., the extension member seal 104 or 204) witha working channel of a trocar (e.g., a commercially-available trocar)can be achieved by using an extension member to axially align thecentral passage of the extension member seal with the central passage ofthe trocar during engagement of the sealing device onto the seal housingof the trocar. A longitudinal axis of a central passage of the sealhousing that extends colinearly with a longitudinal axis of a centralpassage of a cannula thereby jointly defining a longitudinal axis of theworking channel. To perform such axial alignment, a distal end portionof the extension member of a surgical instrument or an extension memberseal installer device (e.g., an extension member with handle attached toa proximate end portion thereof) can be inserted through the centralpassage of the extension member seal and the extension member theninserted into the working channel of the trocar until the extensionmember seal comes into contact with a top surface of the seal housing.The surgical instrument and the extension member seal installer deviceare examples of an alignment device having an extension member. In thisregard, the elongated skirt is a seal housing engagement portion of thesecurement body that is selectively engageable with the seal housing andunrolling the elongated skirt is an embodiment of engaging a sealhousing engagement portion of the securement body with the seal housing.

With the extension member seal in contact with the top surface of theseal housing, a skirt of the sealing device can be unrolled over one ormore side surfaces of the seal housing and, optionally, over featuresprotruding therefrom (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3D). The central passage ofthe extension member seal is now axially aligned with the workingchannel of the trocar, and the extension member can optionally bewithdrawn from within the central passage of the extension member sealand the working channel of the trocar.

Aligning the longitudinal axis of the central passage of the extensionmember seal with the longitudinal axis of the working channel can beperformed in conjunction with contacting the sealing device with the topsurface of the seal housing. This can include inserting the distal endportion of the extension member through the central passage of theextension member seal and inserting the distal end portion of theextension member into the working channel. In one technique, prior tounrolling the skirt, the distal end portion of the extension member canbe inserted through the central passage of the extension member seal andthe distal end portion of the extension member can be inserted into theworking channel. For example, inserting the distal end portion of theextension member through the central passage of the extension memberseal can be performed after contacting the sealing device with the topsurface of the seal housing and prior to inserting the distal endportion of the extension member into the working channel.

In one or more embodiments, the extension member seal installer devicecan be an obturator used for placing the trocar through the abdominalwall (or other body cavity wall) of a patient. In one or more otherembodiments, the extension member seal installer device can be alaparoscope used during a surgical procedure after placing the trocarthrough the abdominal wall (or other body cavity wall) of the patient.In preferred embodiments, a sealing device in accordance with thedisclosures herein is engaged with the trocar after its placement in thepatient.

Referring now to FIG. 5 , a sealing apparatus 300 configured inaccordance with the disclosures made herein is shown. As shown, thesealing apparatus 300 is a trocar used in surgical procedures. However,in other embodiments, the sealing apparatus 300 can be useful in otherapplications and industries non-related to surgical procedures. Thesealing apparatus 300 include a trocar body 330 (i.e., a support body)and the extension member seal 204 (shown in FIGS. 4A-4C) mounted on aseal housing 335 of the trocar body 330.

A cannula 340 extends from the seal housing 306. A longitudinal axis L1of the seal housing 335 is axially aligned with a longitudinal axis L2of the cannula 340 such that the seal housing 335 and the cannula 340have longitudinal axes that are colinear. A central passage 342 of theseal housing 335 defines the longitudinal axis L1 thereof and a centralpassage 344 of the cannula 340 defines the longitudinal axis L2 thereof.Jointly, the central passage of the seal housing 335 and the centralpassage of the cannula 340 define a working channel 346 of the trocar300. In this regard, incorporation of the extension member seal 204 ofFIGS. 4A-4C results in the trocar advantageously exhibiting multi-axisdynamic sealing in accordance the disclosures made herein.

EXAMPLE Assessment of Reduction in Insufflation Gas Leakage ThroughTrocar-Laparoscope Interface by Trocar Sealing Device

Materials

TABLE 1 MATERIALS Trocar from Applied Medical Resources Corporation; KiiFios; Model No. CTF03; 5 × 100 mm Laparoscope from Stryker; PrecisionModel no. 0502-503-010; 5 mm diameter 0-degree end face Latex elasticO-ring; Sectioned from piece of thin-walled tubing to provide arectangular cross-section O-ring (4.7625 ID, 6.35 mm OD, 4.45 mmHeight); 40 A Durometer Silicone elastic tubing (10.83 mm ID, 13.87 OD,47.91 mm Length); Medium Soft Durometer (about 40 A)Commercially-available sewing thread Rigid PVC pipe Air compressor Airpressure regulator Mass flow meter Tape measure Air flow conduit Datalogger Laptop with data logger interface

Trocar Sealing Device Construction

The silicone elastic tubing was extended through the central opening ofthe latex elastic O-ring. A portion of the tubing was then partiallyfolded over the O-ring, and sewn to constrain the O-ring within thefolded-over portion of the tubing to thereby produce a trocar sealingdevice. The folded-over portion of the tubing was nominally 12.12 mmlong such that the remaining portion of the tubing formed a 35.97 mmlong skirt extending below the O-ring.

Test Configurations

TABLE 2 TEST CONFIGURATIONS Config- uration Set-Up 1 As-manufacturedtrocar; No trocar sealing device engaged with head of trocar; 5 mm shaftof laparoscope extending through central passage of trocar 2As-manufactured trocar; Trocar sealing device engaged with head oftrocar; 5 mm shaft of laparoscope engaged through central passage oftrocar sealing device and central passage of trocar 3 Modified trocar(with plastic head adapter and internal valve unit removed to providetrocar without insufflation gas containment capability); Trocar sealingdevice engaged with head of trocar; 5 mm shaft of laparoscope engagedthrough central passage of trocar sealing device and central passage ofmodified trocar

Test Equipment Set-Up

The test equipment set-up included the following steps:

1. Attach a first end portion of a length of PVC pipe to in-vivo end oftrocar in a sealed manner to create an insufflation chamber.

2. Using the air flow conduit, connect the air compressor to airpressure regulator, the air pressure regulator to the mass flow meter,the mass flow meter to the insufflation chamber at the second endportion of the length of PVC pipe.

3. Turn on the mass flow meter, data logger, laptop and air compressor.

4. Record the initial mass flow meter pressure reading for ambient roompressure.

5. With the air pressure regulator valve closed, adjust the mass flowmeter until the pressure is +15 mmHg greater than the ambient roompressure reading.

6. Lay the tape measure along the length of the insufflation chamberwith at least 6″ of the tape measure extended past the end of theinsufflation chamber that includes the laparoscope port of the trocar.

7. For test configuration 1, insert the shaft of the laparoscope intothe port of the trocar until only 3 inches of the laparoscope shaftremains exposed outside of the insufflation chamber.

8. For test configurations 2 and 3, place the trocar sealing device overthe port end of the trocar and then insert the shaft of the laparoscopethrough the central passage of the trocar sealing device and into theport of the trocar until only 3 inches of the laparoscope shaft remainsexposed outside of the insufflation chamber.

Test Procedures and Results

Procedure 1: Static (motionless) use case testing. This is a“uncompromised valve scenario” use case. Although it does occur, thelikelihood during a case of laparoscopic instruments (e.g. alaparoscope) of this scenario is not common. This is a best-casescenario because there is no leak-compromising interaction betweeninstrument-trocar valve interface.

The laparoscope was left to rest inside the insufflation chamber for 30seconds, while measuring a gas leakage rate of air passing out of theinsufflation chamber at the interface between the shaft of thelaparoscope and the central passage of the trocar sealing device. Three(3) trials of this test procedures were performed for each of the trocarsealing device constructions and the average of these three trials wascomputed and recorded.

Procedure 1 Results:

TABLE 3 Procedure 1 Results Average Estimated Total Total Leakage VolumeAverage Leakage over of 1 hour of Leak ~30 second surgery throughConfig- Rate Procedure 1 trocar port uration (mL/s) (mL) (mL) 1 0.0629681.826029 219.123 2 0.058975 1.768665 212.239 (−3.1%) 3 0.059695 1.72989 2.07.586 (−5.3%)

The results for this test procedure show relatively comparableperformance between the configurations during this static use casetesting. Although relatively comparable, it is worth noting that theconfigurations with the trocar sealing device outperformed thecommercially-available trocar.

Procedure 2: Dynamic (motion) use case testing. This is a “motioncompromised valve scenario” use case for laparoscopic surgeries becausesuch surgeries require the near-constant movement of instrumentsthroughout the entirety of surgery. Even the most minor movements maycreate motion which may still compromise insufflation leakage scenariosthrough interaction at the instrument-trocar valve interface.

The laparoscope was left to rest inside the Trocar setup Configurationwith roughly 3 inches of the scope instrument left protruding, and thenwas slowly retracted 3 inches and slowly re-inserted 3 inches back toits original resting state. The rate of movement was roughly 1in/second. Three (3) trials of this test procedures were performed foreach of the trocar sealing device constructions and the average of thesethree trials was computed and recorded.

Procedure 2 Results:

TABLE 4 Procedure 2 Results Average Estimated Total Total Leakage VolumeAverage Leakage over of 1 hour of Leak ~45 second surgery throughConfig- Rate Procedure 1 trocar port uration (mL/s) (mL) (mL) 1 0.1844938.149929 651.994 2 0.135028 6.019311 481.544 (−26%) 3 0.136944 5.80192 464.153 (−29%)

The results for this test procedure show significantly greaterperformance for the test configurations including the trocar sealingdevice. Notably, the trocar sealing device alone can provide exceptionalinsufflation gas leakage mitigation.

CONCLUSIONS

The above example illustrate that insufflation gas leakage can bereduced (i.e., mitigated) by implementation of trocar sealing devices inaccordance with the disclosures made herein during surgical procedures.In particular, the test results for Procedure 2 show that use of such atrocar sealing device notably reduces insufflation leakage. Furthermore,results of Configurations 2 and 3 even further illustrate that thesealing valve structure already found in some commerciality-availabletrocars is rendered moot with the inclusion of trocar sealing devicesconfigured in accordance with embodiments of the disclosures madeherein. Finally, such reductions in insufflation gas leakage providedfor by trocar sealing devices in accordance with the disclosures madeherein can be critically valuable in the era of COVID-19. During in vivoexposure of the insufflation gas in a patient suffering from COVID-19,the insufflation gas can become contaminated with the virus (i.e.,Coronavirus) that causes COVID-19. Accordingly, leakage of suchcontaminated insufflation gas can expose the operating room (OR) andpersonnel therein to Coronavirus. Use of a trocar sealing in accordancewith the disclosures made herein can beneficially reduce this exposure.

Although the invention has been described with reference to severalexemplary embodiments, it is understood that the words that have beenused are words of description and illustration, rather than words oflimitation. Changes may be made within the purview of the appendedclaims, as presently stated and as amended, without departing from thescope and spirit of the invention in all its aspects. Although theinvention has been described with reference to particular means,materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limitedto the particulars disclosed; rather, the invention extends to allfunctionally equivalent technologies, structures, methods and uses suchas are within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A sealing device for a trocar configured for usewith a surgical instrument, comprising: an extension member sealcomprising a sealing member, a compressive force material and aretention body, wherein opposing end portions of the sealing member areeach retained by a respective one of spaced-apart sealing memberretention portions of the retention body whereby an interior space isprovided between the sealing member and the retention body and whereinthe compressive force material at least partially surrounds the sealingmember and is in contact with the sealing member within the interiorspace; and a securement body attached to the extension member seal,wherein the securement body includes one or more engagement portionsadapted for being selectively engageable with a seal housing of thetrocar.
 2. The sealing device of claim 1 wherein the compressive forcematerial is engaged with the sealing member such that the compressiveforce material is radially-expanded to cause a compressive force to beexerted on the sealing member by the compressive force material.
 3. Thesealing device of claim 2 wherein the compressive force materialcomprises one of a ring-shaped piece of material and a c-shaped piece ofmaterial.
 4. The sealing device of claim 2 wherein the compressive forcematerial comprises a helically-wound spring having at least one ofopposing end portions overlapping each other and opposing end portionsattached to each other.
 5. The sealing device of claim 1 wherein thecompressive force material comprises a fluidic material.
 6. The sealingdevice of claim 5 wherein the fluidic material at least partially fillsthe interior space between the sealing member and the retention body. 7.The sealing device of claim 6 wherein the sealing member is made from aconformable, resilient material.
 8. The sealing device of claim 6wherein the sealing member is made from one of a material comprisingsilicone and a material consisting essentially of silicone.
 9. Thesealing device of claim 1 wherein the sealing member is made from aconformable, resilient material.
 10. The sealing device of claim 9wherein the sealing member is made from one of a material comprisingsilicone and a material consisting essentially of silicone.
 11. Thesealing device of claim 10 wherein the compressive force material is afluidic material.
 12. A sealing device for a trocar configured for usewith a surgical instrument, comprising: an extension member sealcomprising a sealing member, a compressive force member and a retentionbody, wherein opposing end portions of the sealing member are eachretained by a respective one of spaced-apart sealing member retentionportions of the retention body whereby an interior space is providedbetween the sealing member and the retention body and wherein thecompressive force member extends around the sealing member and is incontact with the sealing member within the interior space; and asecurement body attached to the extension member seal, wherein thesecurement body includes one or more engagement portions adapted forbeing selectively engageable with a seal housing of the trocar.
 13. Thesealing device of claim 12 wherein the compressive force member is oneof a ring-shaped piece of material and a c-shaped piece of material. 14.The sealing device of claim 13 wherein the ring-shaped member is ahelically-wound spring having at least one of opposing end portionsoverlapping each other and opposing end portions attached to each other.15. The sealing device of claim 13 wherein the ring-shaped member is anO-ring.
 16. The sealing device of claim 13 wherein the sealing member isa sleeve.
 17. The sealing device of claim 12 wherein the sealing memberis a sleeve.
 18. The sealing device of claim 17 wherein the compressiveforce member is a helically-wound spring having at least one of opposingend portions overlapping each other, opposing end portions attached toeach other, opposing end portions abutting each other and opposing endportions spaced-apart from each other.
 19. The sealing device of claim18 wherein the sleeve is made from one of a material comprising siliconeand a material consisting essentially of silicone.
 20. The sealingdevice of claim 17 wherein the compressive force member is an O-ring.21. The sealing device of claim 17 wherein the sleeve is made from oneof a material comprising silicone and a material consisting essentiallyof silicone.
 22. The sealing device of claim 12 wherein the sealingmember is made from one of a material comprising silicone and a materialconsisting essentially of silicone.
 23. The sealing device of claim 12wherein the compressive force member is engaged with the sealing membersuch that the compressive force member is radially-expanded to cause acompressive force to be exerted on the sealing member by the compressiveforce member.
 24. The sealing device of claim 23 wherein the sealingmember is a sleeve.
 25. The sealing device of claim 24 wherein thecompressive force member is a helically-wound spring having at least oneof opposing end portions thereof overlapping each other and opposing endportions thereof attached to each otherthereto.
 26. The sealing deviceof claim 25 wherein the sleeve is made from one of a material comprisingsilicone and a material consisting essentially of silicone.
 27. Asealing device for a trocar configured for use with a surgicalinstrument, comprising: an extension member seal comprising a sealingmember, a compressive force member and a retention body, wherein thesealing member is made from one of a material comprising silicone and amaterial consisting essentially of silicone wherein opposing endportions of the sealing member are each retained by a respective one ofspaced-apart sealing member retention portions of the retention bodywhereby an interior space is provided between the sealing member and theretention body, wherein the compressive force member comprises ahelically-wound spring extending around the sealing member and is incontact with the sealing member within the interior space and whereinthe helically-wound spring is engaged with the sealing member such thatthe helically-wound spring is radially-expanded to cause a compressiveforce to be exerted on the sealing member by the helically-wound spring;and a securement body attached to the extension member seal, wherein thesecurement body includes an elongated skirt in a rolled configuration,wherein the elongated skirt is adapted for being unrolled into secureengagement with one or more side surfaces of a seal housing of thetrocar and wherein the elongated skirt extends entirely around theextension member seal.
 28. The sealing device of claim 27 whereinhelically-wound spring has at least one of opposing end portionsoverlapping each other, opposing end portions attached to each other,opposing end portions abutting each other and opposing end portionsspaced-apart from each other.
 29. The sealing device of claim 28 whereinthe sealing member is a sleeve.
 30. The sealing device of claim 27wherein the sealing member is a sleeve.